Dwarf planet is a relatively new astronomical category and has already stirred some controversies among scientists. The following article will briefly illustrate the main physical attributes as well as prospective development of astronomy with respect to dwarf planets.
Definition of Dwarf Planet
The IAU has so far recognized five dwarf planets differentiated from planets by a parameter of “planetary discriminant” which allows estimating the capacity to dominate orbits. According to NationMaster Encyclopaedia dwarf planets follow orbits which are not free from other minor celestial bodies. Simultaneously, they always circulate the Sun and not other celestial objects (they are not satellites).
Currently Known Dwarf Planets
Several dwarf planets have already been scrutinized effectively. Their physical properties have been calculated through routine Earth-based observations as well as advanced image-searching software. Since current data may not be entirely accurate, further examinations are undertaken by astronomers and physicists world-wide.
Ceres: discovered in 1801, previously classified as asteroid. It’s the largest object in the asteroid belt which divides inner planets from outer planets.
Pluto: discovered in 1930, previously classified as planet. So far, it’s the largest known object in the Kuiper belt. Pluto still ignites controversies since some scientists insist on classifying it as a planet.
Eris: discovered in 2003. It’s situated in the scattered disk in the trans-Neptunian zone. Slightly bigger than Pluto; its orbit is extremely erratic.
Haumea: discovered in 2004. It’s situated in the Kuiper belt; so far its atmosphere hasn’t been estimated.
Makemake: discovered in 2005. It’s situated in the Kuiper belt.
Dwarf planets, particularly Pluto, are often mistakenly described as “planetoids” or “comets”. This confusion stems mostly from their size and surface texture which, in accordance with varying parameters, can be attributed to various minor celestial bodies. The above names of particular dwarf planets have also been subject to numerous changes.
The Future of Dwarf Planets
Until today not all solar system bodies have been identified and remain unclassified. The list of dwarf planets as well as other celestial bodies will be constantly altered. Scientists expect to identify at least 40 new dwarf planets in the near future. However, the idea of “dwarf planets” itself has many antagonists who advocate complete resignation from this category. The future of dwarf planets is, hence, uncertain.
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